The Pennsylvania State Nurses Association (PSNA) announces the launch of its interactive job board, the PSNA careerCENTER. With its focus on nurse professionals, the PSNA careerCENTER offers its members — and the nursing industry at large — an easy-to-use and highly targeted resource for online employment connections.

“We’re very excited about the PSNA careerCENTER because we know how critical it is for employers in the nursing profession to attract first-rate talent with a minimum expenditure of time and resources,” said PSNA Chief Executive Officer Betsy M. Snook, MEd, RN, BSN.  “It is important for us help enable smooth career transitions for those seeking industry jobs.”

Both members and non-members can use the PSNA careerCENTER to reach qualified candidates.  Employers can post jobs online, search for qualified candidates based on specific job criteria and create an online resume agent to e-mail qualified candidates daily.  They also benefit from online reporting that provides job activity statistics.

For job seekers, the PSNA careerCENTER is a free service that provides access to employers and jobs in the nursing profession.  In addition to posting their resumes, job seekers can browse and view available jobs based on their criteria and save those jobs for later review. Job seekers can also create a search agent to provide e-mail notifications of jobs that match their criteria.

An added benefit for both employers and job seekers is access to the National Healthcare Career Network, a group of over 290 top healthcare associations and professional organizations, including the American Hospital Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Association of American Medical Colleges.

The Pennsylvania State Nurses Association (PSNA) is the non-profit voice for nurses in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Representing more than 215,000 nurses, the Association works to be essential in advancing, promoting and supporting the profession of nursing to improve health for all in the Commonwealth. PSNA is a constituent member of the American Nurses Association (www.psna.org).

PSNA developed the careerCENTER in partnership with Boxwood Technology, Inc., the leading provider of career center services for the association industry, and the only such provider endorsed by the American Society of Association Executives (ASAE).  In addition to hosting full-featured online career centers, Boxwood also provides technical support, customer service, accounting, content management and ongoing product development.  For more information about Boxwood’s products and services, visit www.boxwoodtech.com or call 800-331-2177.

The Pennsylvania State Nurses Association (PSNA), representing more than 215,000 registered nurses in Pennsylvania, will host a continuing education series titled “Medical Marijuana: Myths & Medicine.” This half-day event will be offered at four Pennsylvania locations – DeSales University, Wilkes University, Millersville University and Pittsburgh – between September 2014 and April 2015.

The first of the two Fall offerings will be held Thursday, September 18, 2014 at DeSales University, Center Valley from 8:30 am to 12:30 pm. The second Fall offering will be held October 24, 2014 at Wilkes University from 8:30 am to 12:30 pm. Agenda topics include the history of marijuana, the effects of marijuana on the central nervous system, and Pennsylvania legislation related to medical cannabis.

“Medical cannabis is a defining patient issue of our time,” stated PSNA Chief Executive Officer Betsy M. Snook, MEd, RN, BSN. “As medical cannabis changes our legislative landscape, it is the responsibility of health care professionals to be informed. This presentation provides an opportunity to explore the myths and realities at the center of this historical debate.”

Online registration for both sessions is now open. Pricing for this event is: $35, PSNA members / $49, non-PSNA member / $20, non-licensed student. Visit www.psna.org/medicalmarijuana to register. This activity has been submitted to PA State Nurses Association for approval to award continuing nursing education.

The Pennsylvania State Nurses Association (PSNA) is the non-profit voice for nurses in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Representing more than 215,000 nurses, the Association works to be essential in advancing, promoting and supporting the profession of nursing to improve health for all in the Commonwealth. PSNA is a constituent member of the American Nurses Association (www.psna.org). 

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is working with other U.S. government agencies, the World Health Organization, and other domestic and international partners in an international response to the current Ebola outbreak in West Africa. This document summarizes key messages about the outbreak and the response. It will be updated as new information becomes available and distributed regularly. Please share the document with others as appropriate. Learn more.

It often comes as a surprise to learn that our exposure to potentially toxic unhealthy air is higher in our homes than it is outdoors. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) found levels of common pollutants to be two to five times higher inside homes than outside, regardless of the homes’ location (EPA, 2014). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are toxic gasses that are omitted from a variety of products used commonly in the home, including cleaning supplies, paints, solvents, pesticides, crafting materials and furniture. Health effects include eye, nose and throat irritation, headaches, nausea, contact dermatitis and central nervous system dysfunction. Chemical exposures are also a risk factor for asthma and allergy symptoms. Some VOCs are known or suspected to cause cancer in humans (EPA, 2014). An easy way to reduce exposure to VOCs is to use greener cleaning products. Many of these cleaning substances have been used for years with great results, but have fallen out of favor due to the successful marketing of “new and improved” methods. Here are a few basic green cleaning recipes that will go a long way to addressing many home cleaning needs (brought to you by the PSNA Environmental Health Committee):

• All-Purpose Cleaner: Combine two parts vinegar, one part baking soda, and half part dish soap. Add to a spray bottle and fill with warm water. If desired, scent with lemon or orange rinds and refrigerate. Great for general cleaning, including greasy kitchen surfaces.
• Abrasive: Mix baking soda with a small amount of warm water to make a paste. Use as a scrub with a sponge or brush.
• Window cleaner: Follow the all-purpose cleaner recipe, but omit the baking soda.
• Air freshener: Baking soda is a traditional and safe odor-absorbing product. Use fresh or dried flowers, lavender, herbs, lemon, mint or cinnamon in place of expensive chemical air fresheners. Introduce fresh air into your home by briefly opening widows throughout the year. Houseplants can help filter the air through photosynthesis by metabolizing some toxic chemicals.

For more specific cleaning needs, it is easy to discover recipes and techniques through simple online searches. In addition to these suggestions, homeowners can increase their family’s safety by following a few simple principles:

• Always use products according to the manufacturer’s directions.
• Buy products in quantities that you will use quickly – avoid storing chemicals that can leak or that children can access.
• Don’t smoke or allow others to smoke in your home. If you use a fireplace, make sure your chimney is clean and properly sealed. Keep the flue fully open when in use.
• Ventilate/dehumidify the home to control moisture and inhibit the growth of mold.
• Dispose of chemicals or containers safely – check your local municipality for toxic waste collection procedures.

Environmental Protection Agency. (2014). An introduction to indoor air quality. Retrieved July 12, 2014 from http://www.epa.gov/iaq/voc.html
 

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues to work closely with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other partners to better understand and manage the public health risks posed by Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). To date, no cases have been reported in the United States. The purpose of this health update is 1) to provide updated guidance to healthcare providers and state and local health departments regarding who should be suspected of having EVD, 2) to clarify which specimens should be obtained and how to submit for diagnostic testing, and 3) to provide hospital infection control guidelines.

U.S. hospitals can safely manage a patient with EVD by following recommended isolation and infection control procedures. Please disseminate this information to infectious disease specialists, intensive care physicians, primary care physicians, hospital epidemiologists, infection control professionals, and hospital administration, as well as to emergency departments and microbiology laboratories.

Background: CDC is working with the World Health Organization (WHO), the ministries of health of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, and other international organizations in response to an outbreak of EVD in West Africa, which was first reported in late March 2014. As of July 27, 2014, according to WHO, a total of 1,323 cases and 729 deaths (case fatality 55-60%) had been reported across the three affected countries. This is the largest outbreak of EVD ever documented and the first recorded in West Africa.

EVD is characterized by sudden onset of fever and malaise, accompanied by other nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as myalgia, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. Patients with severe forms of the disease may develop hemorrhagic symptoms and multi-organ dysfunction, including hepatic damage, renal failure, and central nervous system involvement, leading to shock and death. The fatality rate can vary from 40-90%.

In outbreak settings, Ebola virus is typically first spread to humans after contact with infected wildlife and is then spread person-to-person through direct contact with bodily fluids such as, but not limited to, blood, urine, sweat, semen, and breast milk. The incubation period is usually 8–10 days (ranges from 2–21 days). Patients can transmit the virus while febrile and through later stages of disease, as well as postmortem, when persons touch the body during funeral preparations.

Patient Evaluation Recommendations to Healthcare Providers: Healthcare providers should be alert for and evaluate suspected patients for Ebola virus infection who have both consistent symptoms and risk factors as follows: 1) Clinical criteria, which includes fever of greater than 38.6 degrees Celsius or 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit, and additional symptoms such as severe headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or unexplained hemorrhage; AND 2) Epidemiologic risk factors within the past 3 weeks before the onset of symptoms, such as contact with blood or other body fluids of a patient known to have or suspected to have EVD; residence in—or travel to—an area where EVD transmission is active; or direct handling of bats, rodents, or primates from disease-endemic areas. Malaria diagnostics should also be a part of initial testing because it is a common cause of febrile illness in persons with a travel history to the affected countries.

Testing of patients with suspected EVD should be guided by the risk level of exposure, as described below:

CDC recommends testing for all persons with onset of fever within 21 days of having a high-risk exposure. A high-risk exposure includes any of the following:

• percutaneous or mucous membrane exposure or direct skin contact with body fluids of a person with a confirmed or suspected case of EVD without appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE),
• laboratory processing of body fluids of suspected or confirmed EVD cases without appropriate PPE or standard biosafety precautions, or
• participation in funeral rites or other direct exposure to human remains in the geographic area where the outbreak is occurring without appropriate PPE.

For persons with a high-risk exposure but without a fever, testing is recommended only if there are other compatible clinical symptoms present and blood work findings are abnormal (i.e., thrombocytopenia <150,000 cells/µL and/or elevated transaminases) or unknown.

Persons considered to have a low-risk exposure include persons who spent time in a healthcare facility where EVD patients are being treated (encompassing healthcare workers who used appropriate PPE, employees not involved in direct patient care, or other hospital patients who did not have EVD and their family caretakers), or household members of an EVD patient without high-risk exposures as defined above. Persons who had direct unprotected contact with bats or primates from EVD-affected countries would also be considered to have a low-risk exposure. Testing is recommended for persons with a low-risk exposure who develop fever with other symptoms and have unknown or abnormal blood work findings. Persons with a low-risk exposure and with fever and abnormal blood work findings in absence of other symptoms are also recommended for testing. Asymptomatic persons with high- or low-risk exposures should be monitored daily for fever and symptoms for 21 days from the last known exposure and evaluated medically at the first indication of illness.

Persons with no known exposures listed above but who have fever with other symptoms and abnormal bloodwork within 21 days of visiting EVD-affected countries should be considered for testing if no other diagnosis is found. Testing may be indicated in the same patients if fever is present with other symptoms and blood work is abnormal or unknown. Consultation with local and state health departments is recommended.

If testing is indicated, the local or state health department should be immediately notified. Healthcare providers should collect serum, plasma, or whole blood. A minimum sample volume of 4 mL should be shipped refrigerated or frozen on ice pack or dry ice (no glass tubes), in accordance with IATA guidelines as a Category B diagnostic specimen. Please refer to http://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/dhcpp/vspb/specimens.html for detailed instructions and a link to the specimen submission form for CDC laboratory testing.

Recommended infection control measures: U.S. hospitals can safely manage a patient with EVD by following recommended isolation and infection control procedures, including standard, contact, and droplet precautions.  Early recognition and identification of patients with potential EVD is critical.  Any U.S. hospital with suspected patients should follow CDC’s Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Hospitalized Patients with Known or Suspected Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever in U.S. Hospitals(http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/hcp/infection-prevention-and-control-recommendations.html). These recommendations include the following:

• Patient placement: Patients should be placed in a single patient room (containing a private bathroom) with the door closed.
• Healthcare provider protection: Healthcare providers should wear: gloves, gown (fluid resistant or impermeable), shoe covers, eye protection (goggles or face shield), and a facemask.  Additional PPE might be required in certain situations (e.g., copious amounts of blood, other body fluids, vomit, or feces present in the environment), including but not limited to double gloving, disposable shoe covers, and leg coverings.
• Aerosol-generating procedures:  Avoid aerosol-generating procedures. If performing these procedures, PPE should include respiratory protection (N95 filtering facepiece respirator or higher) and the procedure should be performed in an airborne isolation room.
• Environmental infection control: Diligent environmental cleaning and disinfection and safe handling of potentially contaminated materials is paramount, as blood, sweat, emesis, feces and other body secretions represent potentially infectious materials. Appropriate disinfectants for Ebola virus and other filoviruses include 10% sodium hypochlorite (bleach) solution, or hospital-grade quaternary ammonium or phenolic products. Healthcare providers performing environmental cleaning and disinfection should wear recommended PPE (described above) and consider use of additional barriers (e.g., shoe and leg coverings) if needed. Face protection (face shield or facemask with goggles) should be worn when performing tasks such as liquid waste disposal that can generate splashes. Follow standard procedures, per hospital policy and manufacturers’ instructions, for cleaning and/or disinfection of environmental surfaces, equipment, textiles, laundry, food utensils and dishware.

Recommendations to Public Health Officials: If public health officials have a patient that is suspected of having EVD or has potentially been exposed and intends to travel, please contact CDC’s Emergency Operations Center 1 (770) 488-7100.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protects people’s health and safety by preventing and controlling diseases and injuries; enhances health decisions by providing credible information on critical health issues; and promotes healthy living through strong partnerships with local, national, and international organizations.

In June 2014, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed the first-ever standards to limit carbon emissions from existing electric power plants. Carbon pollution creates warmer temperatures which will increase the risk of dangerous ozone and particle pollution levels. More pollution means more childhood asthma attacks and complications for those with lung disease. However, all individuals are at risk for negative health impacts from dangerous air pollution. Once in place, the standards would prevent up to 4,000 premature deaths and 100,000 asthma attacks in the first year alone. The health community, including the American Lung Association, Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, American Academy of Pediatrics and American Public Health Association support these standards to protect the health of all individuals.

Show your support by signing on to a letter to EPA Administrator McCarthy at: http://bit.ly/1mqkE8N.

Brought to you by the PSNA Environmental Health Committee.

Nigerian health authorities have confirmed a diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in a patient who died on Friday in a hospital in Lagos, Nigeria, after traveling from Liberia on July 20, 2014. The report marks the first Ebola case in Nigeria linked to the current outbreak in the West African countries of Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Health authorities also reported this weekend that two U.S. citizens working in a hospital in Monrovia, Liberia, have confirmed Ebola virus infection. These recent cases, together with the continued increase in the number of Ebola cases in West Africa, underscore the potential for travel-associated spread of the disease and the risks of EVD to healthcare workers. While the possibility of infected persons entering the U.S. remains low, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises that healthcare providers in the U.S. should consider EVD in the differential diagnosis of febrile illness, with compatible symptoms, in any person with recent (within 21 days) travel history in the affected countries and consider isolation of those patients meeting these criteria, pending diagnostic testing.

Background: CDC is working with the World Health Organization (WHO), the ministries of health of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, and other international organizations in response to an outbreak of EVD in West Africa, which was first reported in late March 2014.  As of July 23, 2014, according to WHO, a total of 1,201 cases and 672 deaths (case fatality 55-60%) had been reported in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.  This is the largest outbreak of EVD ever documented and the first recorded in West Africa.

EVD is characterized by sudden onset of fever and malaise, accompanied by other nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as myalgia, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea.  Patients with severe forms of the disease may develop multi-organ dysfunction, including hepatic damage, renal failure, and central nervous system involvement, leading to shock and death.

In outbreak settings, Ebola virus is typically first spread to humans after contact with infected wildlife and is then spread person-to-person through direct contact with bodily fluids such as, but not limited to, blood, urine, sweat, semen, and breast milk. The incubation period is usually 8–10 days (rarely ranging from  2–21 days). Patients can transmit the virus while febrile and through later stages of disease, as well as postmortem, when persons contact the body during funeral preparations.

On July 25, the Nigerian Ministry of Health confirmed a diagnosis of EVD in a man who died in a hospital in the country’s capital of Lagos (population ~21 million).  The man had been in isolation in the hospital since arriving at the Lagos airport from Liberia, where he apparently contracted the infection.  Health authorities are investigating whether passengers or crew on the plane or other persons who had contact with the ill traveler are at risk for infection.

In addition, health authorities have reported that two U.S. healthcare workers at ELWA hospital in Monrovia, Liberia, have confirmed Ebola virus infection.  One of the healthcare workers, a physician who worked with Ebola patients in the hospital, is symptomatic and in isolation.  The other healthcare worker, a hygienist, developed fever but is showing no other signs of illness.  The physician is an employee of Samaritan’s Purse, a North Carolina-based aid organization that has provided extensive assistance in Liberia since the beginning of the current outbreak.   The other healthcare worker works with Soudan Interior Mission (SIM) in Liberia and was helping the joint SIM/Samaritan’s Purse team.

The recent cases in a traveler and in healthcare workers demonstrate the risk for spread of EVD in these populations. While no EVD cases have been reported in the United States, a human case, caused by a related virus, Marburg virus, occurred in Denver, Colorado in 2008. Successful implementation of standard precautions was sufficient to limit onward transmission. Other imported cases of viral hemorrhagic fever disease were also successfully managed through effective barrier methods, including a recent Lassa fever case in Minnesota.

Recommendations: EVD poses little risk to the U.S. general population at this time. However, U.S. healthcare workers are advised to be alert for signs and symptoms of EVD in patients with compatible illness who have a recent (within 21 days) travel history to countries where the outbreak is occurring, and should consider isolation of those patients meeting these criteria, pending diagnostic testing.

For more information: Additional information on EVD can be found at: http://www.cdc.gov/ebola

Interim Guidance on EVD for healthcare workers can be found at: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/abroad/healthcare-workers.html

Travel notices for each country can be found at:

Guinea: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/ebola-guinea

Liberia: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/ebola-liberia

Sierra Leone: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/alert/ebola-sierra-leone

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protects people’s health and safety by preventing and controlling diseases and injuries; enhances health decisions by providing credible information on critical health issues; and promotes healthy living through strong partnerships with local, national, and international organizations.

The Pennsylvania State Nurses Association (PSNA), representing more than 215,000 registered nurses in Pennsylvania, is offering a facilitated workshop built around its publication, When Nurses Hurt Nurses Workbook. This workshop will awards 7.0 continuing nursing education credits. When Nurses Hurt Nurses Workbook was created in partnership with Sigma Theta Tau International and is authored by Cheryl Dellasega, PhD, RN, CRNP.

Nursing is viewed as the most trusted and caring profession and yet nurse-on-nurse bullying is a reality. Not only does it affect morale and professional self-esteem, but it jeopardizes patient care. When Nurses Hurt Nurses Workbookprovides guidance on recognizing relationally aggressive behaviors, diffusing confrontational situations and applying interpersonal communication skills. Dr. Dellasega equips nurses with tools to recognize relational aggression and promote change. Learning Activities enhance the reader’s application of these tools. By the end of this workbook, nurses will find their “a-ha” moment. This is an essential resource in creating a safer, more respectful workplace.

The workshop cost of $500 includes a bundle of 10 workbooks and four live one-hour webinars for 10 registered nurses. Participants can be added for $50 each. PSNA offers an optional four-hour live in-person conference (additional fees will apply). All live sessions will be presented by PSNA.  When Nurses Hurt Nurses Workbook information is available at www.psna.org/workbook. Seven (7.0) continuing nursing education credits will be awarded upon completion of the workshop.

About the Author: For more than 25 years, Dr. Dellasega has been working as a researcher, counselor, teacher and nurse practitioner. She is the author of six books including Sigma Theta Tau International’s publication, When Nurses Hurt Nurses. As a professor of humanities in the College of Medicine and professor of women’s studies at The Pennsylvania State University, Dr. Dellasega is actively involved in medical education, conducts research on psychosocial issues and leads community outreach efforts.

PSNA is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.

Job satisfaction is an important predictor of RN job turnover, patient satisfaction and nurse-sensitive patient outcomes (including pressure ulcers and falls), which can result in higher health care costs and penalties for hospitals that receive Medicare and Medicaid payments. Numerous studies have been conducted to assess nurses’ job satisfaction, asking about nurse-physician relationships, opportunities for promotion, autonomy and similar issues, but very few have addressed the impact of the physical work environment on RN job satisfaction.

Now, a new study conducted by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s RN Work Project finds that a physical work environment that facilitates RNs’ efficiency, teamwork and interprofessional communication is related to higher job satisfaction. Maja Djukic, PhD, RN, assistant professor at the College of Nursing, New York University, led the research team.

The study, in the current issue of Research in Nursing & Health, revealed that while physical environment had no direct influence on job satisfaction, it did have a significant indirect influence because the environment affected whether nurses could complete tasks without interruptions, communicate easily with other nurses and physicians, and/or do their jobs efficiently.

The research team conducted a nationwide survey of RNs to examine the relationship between RNs’ physical work environment and job satisfaction. They found that RNs who gave their physical work environments higher ratings were also more likely to report better workgroup cohesion, nurse-physician relations, workload, and other factors associated with job satisfaction.

The team was also led by Christine Kovner, PhD, RN, FAAN, professor at the College of Nursing, New York University, and Carol Brewer, PhD, RN, FAAN, professor at the School of Nursing, University at Buffalo. It included Farida Fatehi, BDS, MS, who was a research analyst at the College of Dentistry, New York University, at the time the study was conducted; and William Greene, PhD, Robert Stanksy and Toyota Motor Corporation professor of economics at the New York University Stern School of Business.

“Clearly, the physical work environment can affect nurses’ ability to do their jobs effectively and efficiently,” said Djukic. “The right environment facilitates nurses’ work, which increases their job satisfaction, which in turn reduces turnover. All of those improve patient outcomes. When investing in facilities’ construction or remodeling, health care leaders should look at features that enhance workgroup cohesion, nurse-physician relations, and other factors that affect job satisfaction. Those investments will pay off in the long run.”

The researchers measured job satisfaction in terms of procedural justice, autonomy, nurse-physician relationships, distributive justice, opportunities for promotion, workgroup cohesion, and variety in one’s job. Physical environment was assessed based on the architectural, ambient, and design features of the workspace, including crowdedness, ventilation, lighting, arrangement of furniture, colors and decorations, aesthetic appearance, and the need for remodeling.

“This study supports our previous findings, which indicate that investing in improving nurses’ work environments is extremely worthwhile,” said Kovner. “We’d suggest that future studies delve into which aspects of the physical work environment best support the factors that enhance nurses’ job satisfaction.”

The study is based on a 98-question survey of 1,141 RNs, which is part of RN Work Project, a nationwide, 10-year longitudinal survey of RNs begun in 2006 by Kovner and Brewer, and supported by a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Nurses surveyed were licensed for the first time by exam between August 1, 2004, and July 31, 2005, in 34 states and the District of Columbia.

For more than 40 years the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has worked to improve the health and health care of all Americans. We are striving to build a national Culture of Health that will enable all Americans to live longer, healthier lives now and for generations to come. For more information, visit www.rwjf.org. Follow the Foundation on Twitter at www.rwjf.org/twitter or on Facebook at www.rwjf.org/facebook.

After a long winter, is it time to enjoy Pennsylvania’s beautiful outdoors.  As nurses, we know the health impacts of air pollutants such as tobacco smoke and carbon dioxide.  We also have cared for or know someone who suffers with asthma.  Some of the factors influencing asthmatic patients are related to indoor air quality, but our outdoor air quality can have negative short- and long-term health effects.  A recent report from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) – an agency of the World Health Organization (WHO) – identified that globally air pollution in general is a risk factor for cancer.  While U.S. clean air policies have improved air quality, there are still air contaminates that exacerbate existing health problems or help in their development. Learn more here.

Brought to you by the PSNA Environmental Health Committee, an active group of Pennsylvania nurses who educate and advocate for a healthy environment for the patients and families across the state. Members serve as state and national representatives at events and on committees focused on improving the environment and promoting health where we live and work.